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Future RF Control systems will require simultaneous data acquisition of up to 100 fast ADC channels at sampling rates of around 100 MHz and real time signal processing within a few hundred nanoseconds. At the same time the standardization of Low-Level RF systems are common objectives for all laboratories for cost reduction, performance optimization and machine reliability. Also desirable are modularity...
The high power amplifiers transfer characteristics nonlinearities can have a negative influence on the overall system performance. This is also true for the TESLA superconducting cavities accelerating field parameters control systems. This Low Level Radio Frequency control systems uses microwave high power amplifiers (like 10 MW klystrons) as actuators in the mentioned feedback loops. The amplitude...
This paper describes a sample test implementation of an cost effective Voice over IP network. The implementation is currently taking place at Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science in Technical University of Lodz, Poland
The paper describes the design and the implementation of the flexible, multipurpose RF (Radio Frequency) field Vector Controller for the linear accelerators based on the superconducting technology. The implementation is done for the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) based LLRF (Low Level Radio Frequency) control systems. The full process of the requirement analysis and the library implementation...
Modern particle accelerators[8] have very strict requirements for controlling signal. To generate signal controlling field in cavities there is a possibility to use digital vector modulator and analog upconverter[6]. Hardware circuit consists of FPGA device, digital to analog converter and low pass filter. For experiments there is also a need to design and develop measurement circuit. Same circuit...
Aperture filters are a relatively new class of image operators, where in addition to the domain constraint, imposed by windowing, the range constraint is defined, and effectively condensing probability mass to improve filter output estimates. In this paper the automatic design methodology by means of stochastic optimization is proposed, which can generate an aperture filter to suit a specific application...
This paper is focused on the design and optimization of power LDMOS transistors (V br > 120 Volts) with the purpose of being integrated in a new generation of Smart Power technology based upon a 0.18 μm SOI-CMOS technology. The benefits of applying the shallow trench isolation (STI) concept along with the 3D RESURF concept in the LDMOS drift region is analyzed in terms of the main static (Ron-sp/Vbr...
This paper presents a methodology for digitally calibrating analog circuits and systems. Based on the detection of an imperfection by a simple comparator, a successive approximations algorithm tunes a compensation current. The latter is generated by a sub-binary radix M/2+M DAC, which has the advantage of allowing reaching arbitrarily high resolutions at the cost of extremely small area. The methodology...
This paper presents a detailed comparative study of two different approaches to implement the resonator found in radio frequency (RF) voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs). An inductor LC tank VCO and a transformer LC tank VCO are compared in terms of phase noise, power consumption, tuning range and circuit area. Conclusions about the use of each approach depending on the design goals are presented.
This paper proposes the complete electrical design of a new multiply-by-two amplifier to be readily used in ultra high-speed medium resolution pipeline ADC stages. It is based in a switched-capacitor open-loop structure but with the novelty of having the gain accuracy improved by using an active amplifier with local feedback. Simulation results demonstrate that, with a very low-power dissipation and...
One of the most important features of the Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) contributing to its exceptional reliability and availability is its hot-swap functionality. In order for the user to be able to add and remove the components of an ATCA shelf without the necessity of switching the power on and off the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group (PICMG) specification...
Gamma and neutron radiation is produced during the normal operation of linear accelerators like Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) or X-ray Free Electron Laser (X-FEL). Gamma radiation cause general degeneration of electronics devices and neutron fluence can be a reason of soft error in memories and microcontrollers. X-FEL accelerator will be built only in one tunnel, therefore most of electronic...
PCIExpress architecture is widely used communication bus designed, among other things, for industrial application. Additionally, according to PICMG 3.4 specification it is part of an ATCA architecture. For that reason PCIExpress was used as communication interface for data transmission between ATCA carrier boards and AMC modules for the new control system for XFEL linear accelerator. In this paper...
Linear accelerators such as Free Electron Lasers (FELs) use superconducting (SC) resonant cavities to accelerate electron beam to high energies. TESLA type resonators are extremely sensitive to detuning induced by mechanical deformations - Lorentz force detuning (LFD), mainly due to the extremely high quality factor (Q) of the 1.3 GHz resonance mode, in the range of 10 6. The resulting modulation...
The paper describes the design and research work carried out to prepare the prototype of pulse amplifier. The work was aimed to describe main operational parameters of PWM amplifiers enabling using them to control the piezoelectric actuators used for active compensation of Lorentz force detuning of superconducting cavities.
Single Event Upset is a common source of failure in microprocessor-based systems working in environment with increased radiation level especially in places like accelerators and synchrotrons, where sophisticated digital devices operate closely to the radiation source. One of the possible solutions to increase the radiation immunity of the microprocessor systems is a strict programming approach known...
Free Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) and X-Ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) are linear accelerators that require a complex and accurate Low Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) control system. Currently working systems are based on aged Versa Module Eurocard (VME) architecture. One of the alternatives for the VME bus is the Advanced Telecommunications and Computing Architecture (ATCA) standard. The ATCA based...
The Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) standard describes a powerful and efficient platform. With multiple integrated solutions like redundancies and intelligent control mechanisms this technology is characterized with reliability estimated at the level of 99.99999 percent. These features make the standard perfect for use in projects like the Free Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH)...
The design of a novel CMOS operational amplifier with two differential input stages is described. Prototype circuits have been fabricated and measured successfully. By using a nested Miller compensation the stability of the operational amplifier is ensured. The layout has been created automatically by using the ALADIN tool [6-9]. The small signal model for the amplifier is depicted and the test results...
In this paper, a novel switching-capacitor DC-DC voltage converter with higher efficiency will be presented. This circuit was designed by modifying the output stage of the conventional static charge-transfer-switch (CTS) charge pump in a cross-coupled configuration. In this design, a control scheme to overcome both the reverse charge sharing and the threshold drops in the CTS pump was also employed...
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